Basics of Spanish
Here's a comprehensive introductory Spanish course for absolute beginners, complete with grammar explanations, vocabulary, and exercises.
Greetings and Introductions
Vocabulary:
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Hola (Hello)
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Buenos días (Good morning)
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Buenas tardes (Good afternoon)
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Buenas noches (Good evening/night)
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¿Cómo te llamas? (What is your name?)
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Me llamo... (My name is...)
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Mucho gusto (Nice to meet you)
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¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
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Estoy bien, gracias (I am fine, thank you)
Grammar:
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Subject Pronouns:
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Yo (I)
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Tú (You - informal)
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Él/Ella (He/She)
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Nosotros/Nosotras (We)
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Ellos/Ellas (They)
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Verb "Ser" (to be):
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Yo soy (I am)
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Tú eres (You are)
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Él/Ella es (He/She is)
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Nosotros/Nosotras somos (We are)
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Ellos/Ellas son (They are)
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Exercise:
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Translate the following sentences into Spanish:
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Hello, my name is Juan.
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Good morning, how are you?
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Nice to meet you.
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Numbers and Days of the Week
Vocabulary:
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Numbers:
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Uno (1), Dos (2), Tres (3), Cuatro (4), Cinco (5)
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Seis (6), Siete (7), Ocho (8), Nueve (9), Diez (10)
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Days of the Week:
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Lunes (Monday)
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Martes (Tuesday)
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Miércoles (Wednesday)
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Jueves (Thursday)
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Viernes (Friday)
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Sábado (Saturday)
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Domingo (Sunday)
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Grammar:
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Definite Articles:
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El (the - masculine)
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La (the - feminine)
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Indefinite Articles:
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Un (a/an - masculine)
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Una (a/an - feminine)
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Exercise:
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Write the numbers 1 to 10 in Spanish.
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Match the days of the week in Spanish with their English equivalents.
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Basic Phrases and Questions
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Vocabulary:
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Por favor (Please)
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Gracias (Thank you)
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De nada (You're welcome)
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Lo siento (I'm sorry)
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Sí (Yes)
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No (No)
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Grammar:
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Forming Questions:
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¿Dónde está...? (Where is...?)
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¿Qué es esto? (What is this?)
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¿Cuántos años tienes? (How old are you?)
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Verb "Tener" (to have):
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Yo tengo (I have)
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Tú tienes (You have)
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Él/Ella tiene (He/She has)
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Nosotros/Nosotras tenemos (We have)
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Ellos/Ellas tienen (They have)
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Exercise:
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Translate the following questions into Spanish:
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Where is the book?
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What is this?
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How old are you?
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Simple Sentences
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Vocabulary:
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Libro (Book)
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Casa (House)
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Perro (Dog)
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Gato (Cat)
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Amigo/Amiga (Friend)
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Grammar:
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Sentence Structure:
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Subject + Verb + Object
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Example: Yo tengo un libro (I have a book)
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Adjectives:
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Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.
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Example: Un perro grande (A big dog), Una casa grande (A big house)
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Exercise:
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Create sentences using the vocabulary words and the verb "tener."
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Example: Yo tengo un perro (I have a dog).
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Practice Conversations
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Dialogue Practice:
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A: Hola, ¿cómo te llamas?
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B: Me llamo Juan. ¿Y tú?
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A: Me llamo María. Mucho gusto.
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B: Mucho gusto. ¿Cómo estás?
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A: Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
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B: Estoy bien también.
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